Effects of laser power modulation on keyhole behavior and energy absorptivity for laser welding of magnesium alloy AZ31

Schematic diagram of the welding cross section showing the features

Half-sandwich specimen of dissimilar metals used to compare the

Dynamic images of keyhole opening and molten pool during laser lap

Fracture process of the tensile samples, (a) the samples without beam

Morphologies of transversal cross sections of laser welded AZ31 joints.

Effects of laser power modulation on keyhole behavior and energy absorptivity for laser welding of magnesium alloy AZ31

Experimental set up for laser oscillating welding.

Fracture process of the tensile samples, (a) the samples without beam

Effects of laser power modulation on keyhole behavior and energy absorptivity for laser welding of magnesium alloy AZ31

The penetration depth, weld width, fusion area, and cross-section

Microstructure at the weld center, (a) without beam oscillation, (b) r

Effects of laser power modulation on keyhole behavior and energy absorptivity for laser welding of magnesium alloy AZ31

Porosity area percent with increasing pulse time and peak power density