In cities experiencing rapid urbanization especially, there is a need to shift away from both private cars and transition to electric vehicles to address climate change, improve air quality, and reduce traffic injuries. In recent years, low emission zones (LEZs) have grown in popularity as one potentially impactful strategy for cities to reduce dependence on private vehicles and offer clean, affordable, accessible alternatives.
Air pollution and urban road transport: evidence from the world's largest low-emission zone in London
Impacts of the Paris low-emission zone and implications for other cities - International Council on Clean Transportation
RTPI Net Zero Transport: the role of spatial planning and place-based solutions
New York approves the first congestion toll in the US: Drivers to be charged $15 to enter Manhattan, Climate
Throughout History, the US Failed to Integrate Transportation and Land Use. It's Still Hindering Policymaking Today.
What Is A Low Emission Zone? - Institute for Transportation and Development Policy
What Is A Low Emission Zone? - Institute for Transportation and Development Policy
Air pollution and urban road transport: evidence from the world's largest low-emission zone in London
The Road to Sustainable Transport International Institute for Sustainable Development
The Paris Region low emission zone, a benefit shared with residents outside the zone - ScienceDirect
Dissuasive effect of low emission zones on traffic: the case of Madrid Central
Low emission zones: Effects on alternative-fuel vehicle uptake and fleet CO2 emissions - ScienceDirect